What criteria do I base my recommendations on?
1. Food contains no corn, wheat or soy. Grains limited in top 5 ingredients.
2. Company discloses where their food is manufactured.
3. Food contains a good amount of animal protein in the top ingredients (prefer a named meal as #1 or at least a named meat as #1 followed by a named meal in the top ingredients).
4. Food does not contain by-products.
5. Food does not contain synthetic Vitamin K (menadione).
6. Food does not contain ethoxyquin.
7. Food has only named ingredients.
8. Food does not contain gluten meals.
9. If food contains grains or fruits/vegetables, they are whole ingredients, not fragments.
10. Food does not contain artificial colors, preservatives, flavors or sweeteners.

If your food is not on this list, but passes the above criteria, then your food is likely fine. Should you have questions about an individual product, please feel free to email me and I will add it to this thread.

The listing contains the following information: Brand Name, Manufacturing Info, Company Website. These are not listed in order of preference, they are listed alphabetically.

Grain Free Dog Foods

• Addiction Foods – *Salmon Bleu and Viva La Venison ONLY* – [made by Taplow Ventures, Vancouver BC; Pied Piper, Hamlin TX; and Texas Farm Products, Nacogdoches TX] – www.addictionfoods.com
• Champion Pet Foods, *Acana Grain Free and Orijen* – [made in their own plant, BC Canada] – www.championpetfoods.com
• Diamond Pet Products, *Taste of the Wild* - [made in their three facilities in Lathrop CA, Meta MO and Gaston SC] – www.tasteofthewildpetfood.com (Best By date of May 15, 2011 or later ONLY)
• Firstmate Pet Foods, *Firstmate Grain Free* – [made in their own plant in Chilliwack BC Canada] – www.firstmate.com
• Fromm Family Foods, *4 Star Surf N Turf* – [made in their facility, Mequon WI] – www.frommfamily.com
• Horizon Pet Nutrition, *Horizon Legacy* – [made in their own plant, Rosthern, Saskatchewan, Canada] – www.horizonpetfood.com
• Merrick Pet Care, *Before Grain* – [made in their own plant, Hereford TX] – www.merrickpetcare.com
• Natura Pet Products, *EVO* – [made in their own plant, Fremont NE] – www.naturapet.com
• Nature’s Variety, *Instinct* – [made by Pied Piper Mills, Hamlin TX] – www.naturesvariety.com
• Petcurean Pet Nutrition, *Now! and Go!Natural Grain Free* – [made by Elmira Pet Products, Ontario Canada] – www.petcurean.com

USE CAUTION IN FEEDING GRAIN FREE FOODS TO GROWING DOGS! Many grain free foods (for instance, EVO) have calcium and phosphorus levels that are too high for growing giant pups. Feeding those foods can harm your puppy. So the general rule is steer clear of those foods until your dog’s growth plates have closed (usually around 2 years of age). If you have any questions, please email me for further information.

What criteria do I base my recommendations on?
1. Food contains no corn, wheat or soy. Grains limited in top 5 ingredients.
2. Company discloses where their food is manufactured.
3. Food contains a good amount of animal protein in the top ingredients (prefer a named meal as #1 or at least a named meat as #1 followed by a named meal in the top ingredients).
4. Food does not contain by-products.
5. Food does not contain synthetic Vitamin K (menadione).
6. Food does not contain ethoxyquin.
7. Food has only named ingredients.
8. Food does not contain gluten meals.
9. If food contains grains or fruits/vegetables, they are whole ingredients, not fragments.
10. Food does not contain artificial colors, preservatives, flavors or sweeteners.

If your food is not on this list, but passes the above criteria, then your food is likely fine. Should you have questions about an individual product, please feel free to email me and I will add it to this thread.

The listing contains the following information: Brand Name, Manufacturing Info, Company Website. These are not listed in order of preference, they are listed alphabetically.

Dry Dog Foods

• Addiction Foods - [made by Taplow Ventures, Vancouver BC (salmon); Pied Piper Pet & Wildlife, Inc, Hamlin, TX (venison); and Texas Farm Products, Nacogdoches, TX (pork)] – www.addictionfoods.com
• Blue Buffalo - [made by Chenango Valley Pet Foods, Sherburne NY; CJ Foods, Bern KS; Dad’s Pet Foods, Meadville PA; and Triple T Foods, Frontenac KS]- www.bluebuff.com
• By Nature and By Nature Organics - [made in their own plant, Arcade NY and Chenango Valley Pet Foods, Sherburne NY] – www.bynaturepetfoods.com
• Canine Caviar Pet Foods - [made by Ohio Pet Foods, Lisbon OH] – www.caninecaviar.com
• Castor & Pollux Pet Works – [made by CJ Foods, Bern KS and Crosswinds Petfoods Inc, Sabetha KS] – www.castorpolluxpet.com
• Champion Pet Foods - [made in their own plant, Alberta Canada] – www.championpetfoods.com
• Dogswell LLC – [made by Tuffy’s Pet Foods, Perham MN] – www.dogswell.com
• Evanger’s – [made either by Ohio Pet Foods, Lisbon OH or Fromm Family Foods, Mequon WI] – www.evangersdogfood.com
• Firstmate Pet Foods - [made in their own plant, Chilliwack BC Canada] – www.firstmate.com
• Fromm Family Foods – [made in their facility, Mequon WI] – www.frommfamily.com
• Horizon Pet Nutrition, *Horizon Complete* – [made in their own plant, Rosthern, Saskatchewan, Canada] – www.horizonpetfood.com
• Laughing Dog, Inc. – [made by Taplow Foods, Chilliwack BC Canada] – www.laughingdoginc.com
• Life4K9 Pet Food Corp. - [made by Bio Biscuit, Saint-Hyacinthe Quebec Canada and Hampshire Pet Products, Joplin MO] – www.life4k9.com
• Merrick Pet Care - [made in their own plant, Hereford TX] – www.merrickpetcare.com
• Natura Pet Products – [made in their own plants in Fremont NE and San Leandro CA] – www.naturapet.com
• Nature’s Variety – [made by Pied Piper Mills, Hamlin TX] – www.naturesvariety.com
• Petcurean Pet Nutrition - [made by Elmira Pet Products, Ontario Canada] – www.petcurean.com
• SmartPak, LiveSmart – [made by Chenango Valley Pet Foods, Sherburne NY] – www.smartpakcanine.com
• Tuffy’s Pet Foods Inc, *Natural Planet Organics and Pure Vita ONLY* – [made in their own plant, Perham MN] – www.nutrisourcedogfood.com

Needs for puppies from weaning to 50% of adult weight

Body weight in kg^0.75  X 264 = Kilocalories

Needs for puppies from 51% of adult weight to adult weight

Body weight in kg^0.75  X 198 = Kilocalories

Evaluating Growth Rate in a Dog

In addition to subjectively evaluating a dog’s nutritional condition, its weight can be compared with a standard. The following table shows the expected weight gain during growth of dogs of different size at maturity. Use this to determine how an animal is growing.

Weight (in pounds) of Different Mature-Size Dogs During Growth

- Prey model feeders feel that dogs are physiologically carnivores. Dogs have been shown by geneticists to be a variation of the grey wolf. They differ by 0.2% in the mitochondrial DNA (and I suspect much of this difference has to do with coloring and shape and size).

- David Mech, the forefront wolf biologist who has studied them intensely in their own natural habitat (not an artificial wolf colony), has observed that as natural carnivores, the wolf’s diet consists mostly of large prey, and supplemented by smaller prey in leaner times, and very occasionally, he’ll notice some vegetation grazing, but again only during extremely lean times. Wolves are carnivores. They CAN subsist on non-meat products, but by and large, they need raw prey to thrive and reproduce.

- So by trying to appropriate a whole prey through feeding of various body parts, we feed what the dog has been designed by nature to eat. Because the dog’s physiology is designed to be carnivorous, this is what we feed them.

- Physiology:

• no grinding molars (all sharp scissor like teeth),
• strong wide jaws to really open up, take in a large piece, and crunch down and gnaw,
• no amylase in the saliva to begin digestion, and therefore,
• very acidic stomach juices (at about 1 – 2 on the litmus scale, 7 being neutral – humans’ stomach acidity is only around 5),
• very short digestive tract to keep food moving along out
• not to mention they are natural hunters – every dog has an instinct to hunt – this instinct is part and parcel of being a carnivore. I don’t see wolves stalking a berry branch…

- By that logic, because a dog/wolf is designed to feed the way they do in the wild, evolution has shown us this is path of least resistance. To ask your dog to eat what they’re not biologically designed to do is therefore providing obstacles along the path of least resistance. To many rawfeeders, this is basically asking for trouble.

2. How much to feed?

- Essentially, most dogs require about 2 – 3% of their body in raw food to maintain good health and weight. Working dogs may require more, some furry couch warmers may require 1%.

- This amount that you determine what your dog does well on is a trial and error kind of thing. Most people start with 2%, then either feed more or back up depending on how their dog’s body feels.

- The amount does NOT have to be the exact same amount every day. Some days you can certainly feed more, then feed slightly less the next day to compensate for the larger amount of food prior. Some people feed the gorge/fast method, where they allow their dogs to eat two or three times the daily amount, then just fast their dogs the next day or however long, to compensate again for the larger amount.

- Know your dog. I have a self-regulator on my hands who generally will only eat about twice the daily amount even though there may be five days worth of food sitting in front of her in the form of a goat leg. She won’t fast herself the next day, she’ll just eat slightly less than normal. Again, use the dog’s body and energy level as a guideline. Looking porky? Back off on the amount, and feed slightly less fatty if necessary. (Although fat is an integral part of the diet…)

- You can feed once a day, or twice a day. It’s up to you.

- Puppies? Most raw prey model feeders feed 2 – 3% of the projected adult body weight. So a little GSD puppy, who may grow to be 80 lbs, will still be fed about 2% of the 80 lbs as a puppy. Just spaced out over a few feedings since puppies do better with more frequent feedings. Once they hit about 6 mths, you can back off to twice a day, and once a year old, you can do once a day, or even the gorge/fast if that’s what you prefer.

3. What to include in the diet?

-Prey model feeders don’t generally feed anything other than raw meat, edible bone, and organs. We don’t think veggies form a necessary part of the diet because a) we subscribe to dogs being carnivores following their physiology; b) veggies and fruit form only about 1% of the grey wolf’s natural diet – it’s more like grazing on a sweet berry if it’s there. Kind of like the way I like to nosh on candy.

- The ratio of meat/bone/organs is 80%/10%/10%. Half the organ allotment is liver, following the notion that the liver is the largest internal secreting organ. We use this ratio as kind of the general ratio that most prey animals are in their makeup. It may vary, of course, and again, this 80/10/10 ratio is a guideline, but really most animals are made in ratios not too far from this one.

- Meat: this is muscle meats. Muscle attached to bones, and also parts of the body that are organs, but are muscular in nature (non-secreting). This includes, tongue, heart, gizzards, trachea, skin (yes skin secretes, but it secretes waste through water and salt aka sweat OUT of the body, so we don’t count that, hee.) I count stomach as a muscle meat, but in keeping to form with the whole prey, I don’t stomach as the main part of the meat ratio – so despite how much Karma adores green tripe, she only gets it a couple times a week.

- Edible bone: we consider weight-bearing bones of large animals as purely recreational and not very edible. Marrow bones, soup bones, knuckles, femurs and the like should be given for recreational chewing but are not intended for consumption. Please always provide adequate supervision. Edible bones tend to be less dense, more porous. Depending on the size of the dog, edible bones range from chickens, to turkey, to duck, to fish, to rabbit, to pork, to goat, to lamb. Some power-eaters do manage to chew off the ends of beef ribs. Karma devours them completely, whereas a smaller dog may have these as a treat, gleam the meat from the bone and toss the rest. It’s a Know Thy Dog situation.

- Secreting organs: liver should be half the organ allotment. The rest can be made up of kidney, spleen, thymus, pancreas, lung, testicles (mountain oysters), brains.

NOTE: remember, we call it prey model, because those of us who can’t feed whole prey, we try to appropriate the whole prey through various body parts at various times. It’s a prey built over time. Frankenprey, as many people call it.

So again, this ratio can be met over time. It helps me to know how much Karma eats in a week, roughly, then cut up hunks of organs that make up 10% of the weekly amount. Then these organ hunks can be fed throughout the week. This way, I know in each week, Karma is getting 10% of organs in her diet, and half of this is liver. (So the 10% organ amount is divided into 4 smaller hunks, and twice a week, she gets a liver hunk, and twice a week she gets other organ hunks. I space out the variety to give it more balance.)

Another note about edible bone – most store bought cuts of meat with bone in them tend to be high in bone. So even if you see a nice pork shoulder roast covered in gobs of meat, the bone in there probably makes up about 15 – 20% of the piece. Store bought whole chickens have been gutted and de-feathered, so the bone ratio tends to be a little higher than real whole prey. I like to feed more meat when I find what I’m feeding Karma may possibly have too much bone in there. (Which is most of the time.) How to tell? Look at the writing in the poop! If your dog is straining slightly, and the poops come out crumbly and powdery and once they hit the ground, they fall apart, that’s generally too much bone. If the poops are squishy and have no form (NOT diarrhea), then feed a tad more bone. It doesn’t take a huge bone tweak to make a difference in the poop.

Here are some websites to help you along:

Dr. Tom Lonsdale’s Raw Meaty Bones

Pack Lunch – a Raw Feeder’s site

Netrophic – Information about raw feeding

United States Raw Meaty Bones!

Myths about Raw Feeding

My Pet Carnivore

These are just really basic ideas to get started on. Raw feeding is not rocket science, but there are some basic principles that must be understood in order to meet your dog’s nutritional needs. Interested in feeding your dog a raw diet but unsure where to start or how to transition your dog? Contact me for a personalized diet plan based on your dog’s age, weight, breed, and needs.